debian-install-wordpress/README.md

系統需求

OS: Debian / Ubuntu

以下範例使用 Debian 9 安裝

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安裝步驟

• 安裝 Nginx

sudo apt-get install nginx

• 安裝 MariaDB (MySQL)

官方網站 https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/

# 安裝系統依賴
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common dirmngr
# 新增安裝包來源與金鑰
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xF1656F24C74CD1D8
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,i386,ppc64el] http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/dbms/mariadb/repo/10.3/debian stretch main'
# 更新來源與安裝
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server

• 修改資料庫設定

設定資料庫文字編碼為UTF-8

# sudo vim /etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf
# MariaDB-specific config file.
# Read by /etc/mysql/my.cnf

[client]
# Default is Latin1, if you need UTF-8 set this (also in server section)
default-character-set = utf8 

[mysqld]
#
# * Character sets
# 
# Default is Latin1, if you need UTF-8 set all this (also in client section)
#
character-set-server  = utf8 
collation-server      = utf8_general_ci 
character_set_server   = utf8 
collation_server       = utf8_general_ci 
# Import all .cnf files from configuration directory

• 重啟資料庫完成設定

sudo systemctl restart mysql

• 安裝 PHP-FPM 與相關套件 (PHP 7.0)

sudo apt-get install php7.0-cli php7.0-curl php7.0-dev php7.0-fpm php7.0-imap php7.0-intl php7.0-json php7.0-mbstring php7.0-mcrypt php7.0-mysql php7.0-readline php7.0-xml php7.0-xmlrpc php7.0-zip

• 修改 php-fpm 設定

# sudo vim /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
# 確認 fpm cgi 監聽位置
listen = /run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock

• 新增 Nginx 執行 PHP 設定

# sudo vim /etc/nginx/php-fpm.conf
location ~ \.php$ {
 include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

 # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
 fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
 # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
 #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}

• 產生SSL DHParam

sudo openssl -out /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem 2048

• 新增Let's encrypt 設定

# sudo vim /etc/nginx/letsencrypt.conf
location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
  default_type "text/plain";
  root /var/www/letsencrypt;
}

• 安裝 Certbot (let's encrypt cli)

sudo apt-get install certbot -t stretch-backports

• 修改 Nginx 設定用來執行 Let's encrypt

找到 location / 在上面新增 include letsencrypt.conf;

# sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
include letsencrypt.conf;

location / { 
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}

• 建立 let's encrypt 驗證用資料夾

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/letsencrypt
# 變更資料夾擁有者到 www-data
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www

• 重新啟動 Nginx 應用剛剛修改的設定

sudo systemctl restart nginx

• 申請SSL憑證 (webroot)

執行前確定DNS A record 是不是有指到伺服器上

sudo certbot certonly --webroot -w /var/www/letsencrypt -d domain.name

• 下載Wordpress 網頁檔案

cd /var/www
sudo wget https://tw.wordpress.org/wordpress-5.2-zh_TW.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf wordpress-5.2-zh_TW.tar.gz
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www

• 新增wordpress nginx 設定

Config file 下載此設定檔到伺服器，並且修改設定檔內部的 "domain.name" 為自己的domain name

# 移動檔案到 nginx 工作目錄
sudo mv wordpress.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/
# 建立軟連結到 nginx 啟用的設定檔案目錄
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/wordpress.conf
# 測試 nginx 設定是否正確
sudo nginx -t 
# 確定設定無誤 重啟nginx
sudo systemctl restart nginx

• 建立wordpress用的資料庫

# 建立名為 wordpress 的資料庫
echo "create database wordpress;" | mysql -u root -p

• 開啟瀏覽器設定安裝wordpress