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README.md
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README.md
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## 系統需求
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OS: Debian / Ubuntu
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> 以下範例使用 Debian 9 安裝
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----
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## 安裝步驟
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- 安裝 Nginx
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install nginx
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```
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- 安裝 MariaDB (MySQL)
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> 官方網站 https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
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```bash
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# 安裝系統依賴
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sudo apt-get install software-properties-common dirmngr
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# 新增安裝包來源與金鑰
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sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xF1656F24C74CD1D8
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sudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,i386,ppc64el] http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/dbms/mariadb/repo/10.3/debian stretch main'
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# 更新來源與安裝
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install mariadb-server
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```
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- 修改資料庫設定
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> 設定資料庫文字編碼為UTF-8
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```bash
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# sudo vim /etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf
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# MariaDB-specific config file.
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# Read by /etc/mysql/my.cnf
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[client]
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# Default is Latin1, if you need UTF-8 set this (also in server section)
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default-character-set = utf8
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[mysqld]
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#
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# * Character sets
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#
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# Default is Latin1, if you need UTF-8 set all this (also in client section)
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#
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character-set-server = utf8
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collation-server = utf8_general_ci
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character_set_server = utf8
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collation_server = utf8_general_ci
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# Import all .cnf files from configuration directory
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```
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- 重啟資料庫完成設定
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```bash
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sudo systemctl restart mysql
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```
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- 安裝 PHP-FPM 與相關套件 (PHP 7.0)
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install php7.0-cli php7.0-curl php7.0-dev php7.0-fpm php7.0-imap php7.0-intl php7.0-json php7.0-mbstring php7.0-mcrypt php7.0-mysql php7.0-readline php7.0-xml php7.0-xmlrpc php7.0-zip
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```
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- 修改 php-fpm 設定
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```bash
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# sudo vim /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
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# 確認 fpm cgi 監聽位置
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listen = /run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock
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```
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- 新增 Nginx 執行 PHP 設定
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```bash
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# sudo vim /etc/nginx/php-fpm.conf
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location ~ \.php$ {
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include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
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# With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
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fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
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# With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
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#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
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}
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```
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- 產生SSL DHParam
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```bash
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sudo openssl -out /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem 2048
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```
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- 新增Let's encrypt 設定
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```bash
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# sudo vim /etc/nginx/letsencrypt.conf
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location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
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default_type "text/plain";
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root /var/www/letsencrypt;
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}
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```
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- 安裝 Certbot (let's encrypt cli)
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install certbot -t stretch-backports
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```
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- 修改 Nginx 設定用來執行 Let's encrypt
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> 找到 location / 在上面新增 include letsencrypt.conf;
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```bash
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# sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
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include letsencrypt.conf;
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location / {
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# First attempt to serve request as file, then
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# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
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try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
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}
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```
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- 建立 let's encrypt 驗證用資料夾
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```bash
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sudo mkdir -p /var/www/letsencrypt
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# 變更資料夾擁有者到 www-data
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sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
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```
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- 重新啟動 Nginx 應用剛剛修改的設定
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```bash
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sudo systemctl restart nginx
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```
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- 申請SSL憑證 (webroot)
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> 執行前確定DNS A record 是不是有指到伺服器上
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```bash
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sudo certbot certonly --webroot -w /var/www/letsencrypt -d domain.name
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```
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- 下載Wordpress 網頁檔案
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```bash
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cd /var/www
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sudo wget https://tw.wordpress.org/wordpress-5.2-zh_TW.tar.gz
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sudo tar zxvf wordpress-5.2-zh_TW.tar.gz
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sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
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```
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- 新增wordpress nginx 設定
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> [Config file](wordpress.conf) 下載此設定檔到伺服器，並且修改設定檔內部的 "domain.name" 為自己的domain name
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```bash
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# 移動檔案到 nginx 工作目錄
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sudo mv wordpress.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/
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# 建立軟連結到 nginx 啟用的設定檔案目錄
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sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/wordpress.conf
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# 測試 nginx 設定是否正確
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sudo nginx -t
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# 確定設定無誤 重啟nginx
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sudo systemctl restart nginx
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```
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- 建立wordpress用的資料庫
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```bash
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# 建立名為 wordpress 的資料庫
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echo "create database wordpress;" | mysql -u root -p
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```
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- 開啟瀏覽器設定安裝wordpress
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wordpress.conf
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server {
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listen 80;
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listen [::]:80;
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server_name domain.name;
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access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
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include letsencrypt.conf;
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location / {
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return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
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}
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}
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server {
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listen 443 http2;
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listen [::]:443 http2;
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server_name domain.name;
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ssl on;
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ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.name/fullchain.pem;
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ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.name/privkey.pem;
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ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.name/fullchain.pem;
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ssl_session_timeout 1d;
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ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
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ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem;
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ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
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ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:kEDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:AES:CAMELLIA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!MD5:!PSK:!aECDH:!EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:!KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA';
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ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
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add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31556926;
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ssl_stapling on;
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ssl_stapling_verify on;
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client_max_body_size 1024m;
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access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
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root /var/www/wordpress;
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index index.php index.html index.htm;
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location / {
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try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
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}
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include php-fpm.conf;
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}
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