mtgbot/vendor/github.com/gin-gonic/gin

Gin Web Framework

Gin is a web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a martini-like API with much better performance, up to 40 times faster thanks to httprouter. If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.

Contents

• Installation
• Prerequisite
• Quick start
• Benchmarks
• Gin v1.stable
• Build with jsoniter
• API Examples
  • Using GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,DELETE and OPTIONS
  • Parameters in path
  • Querystring parameters
  • Multipart/Urlencoded Form
  • Another example: query + post form
  • Map as querystring or postform parameters
  • Upload files
  • Grouping routes
  • Blank Gin without middleware by default
  • Using middleware
  • How to write log file
  • Model binding and validation
  • Custom Validators
  • Only Bind Query String
  • Bind Query String or Post Data
  • Bind HTML checkboxes
  • Multipart/Urlencoded binding
  • XML, JSON and YAML rendering
  • JSONP rendering
  • Serving static files
  • Serving data from reader
  • HTML rendering
  • Multitemplate
  • Redirects
  • Custom Middleware
  • Using BasicAuth() middleware
  • Goroutines inside a middleware
  • Custom HTTP configuration
  • Support Let's Encrypt
  • Run multiple service using Gin
  • Graceful restart or stop
  • Build a single binary with templates
  • Bind form-data request with custom struct
  • Try to bind body into different structs
  • http2 server push
• Testing
• Users

Installation

To install Gin package, you need to install Go and set your Go workspace first.

1. Download and install it:

$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin

2. Import it in your code:

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

3. (Optional) Import net/http. This is required for example if using constants such as http.StatusOK.

import "net/http"

Use a vendor tool like Govendor

1. go get govendor

$ go get github.com/kardianos/govendor

2. Create your project folder and cd inside

$ mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/myusername/project && cd "$_"

3. Vendor init your project and add gin

$ govendor init
$ govendor fetch github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.2

4. Copy a starting template inside your project

$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/gin/master/examples/basic/main.go > main.go

5. Run your project

$ go run main.go

Prerequisite

Now Gin requires Go 1.6 or later and Go 1.7 will be required soon.

Quick start

# assume the following codes in example.go file
$ cat example.go

package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(200, gin.H{
			"message": "pong",
		})
	})
	r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
}

# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping on browser
$ go run example.go

Benchmarks

Gin uses a custom version of HttpRouter

See all benchmarks

Benchmark name	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
BenchmarkGin_GithubAll	30000	48375	0	0
BenchmarkAce_GithubAll	10000	134059	13792	167
BenchmarkBear_GithubAll	5000	534445	86448	943
BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll	3000	592444	74705	812
BenchmarkBone_GithubAll	200	6957308	698784	8453
BenchmarkDenco_GithubAll	10000	158819	20224	167
BenchmarkEcho_GithubAll	10000	154700	6496	203
BenchmarkGocraftWeb_GithubAll	3000	570806	131656	1686
BenchmarkGoji_GithubAll	2000	818034	56112	334
BenchmarkGojiv2_GithubAll	2000	1213973	274768	3712
BenchmarkGoJsonRest_GithubAll	2000	785796	134371	2737
BenchmarkGoRestful_GithubAll	300	5238188	689672	4519
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll	100	10257726	211840	2272
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll	20000	105414	13792	167
BenchmarkHttpTreeMux_GithubAll	10000	319934	65856	671
BenchmarkKocha_GithubAll	10000	209442	23304	843
BenchmarkLARS_GithubAll	20000	62565	0	0
BenchmarkMacaron_GithubAll	2000	1161270	204194	2000
BenchmarkMartini_GithubAll	200	9991713	226549	2325
BenchmarkPat_GithubAll	200	5590793	1499568	27435
BenchmarkPossum_GithubAll	10000	319768	84448	609
BenchmarkR2router_GithubAll	10000	305134	77328	979
BenchmarkRivet_GithubAll	10000	132134	16272	167
BenchmarkTango_GithubAll	3000	552754	63826	1618
BenchmarkTigerTonic_GithubAll	1000	1439483	239104	5374
BenchmarkTraffic_GithubAll	100	11383067	2659329	21848
BenchmarkVulcan_GithubAll	5000	394253	19894	609

• (1): Total Repetitions achieved in constant time, higher means more confident result
• (2): Single Repetition Duration (ns/op), lower is better
• (3): Heap Memory (B/op), lower is better
• (4): Average Allocations per Repetition (allocs/op), lower is better

Gin v1. stable

• Zero allocation router.
• Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing.
• Complete suite of unit tests
• Battle tested
• API frozen, new releases will not break your code.

Build with jsoniter

Gin use encoding/json as default json package but you can change to jsoniter by build from other tags.

$ go build -tags=jsoniter .

API Examples

Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS

func main() {
	// Disable Console Color
	// gin.DisableConsoleColor()

	// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
	// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
	router := gin.Default()

	router.GET("/someGet", getting)
	router.POST("/somePost", posting)
	router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
	router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
	router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
	router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
	router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)

	// By default it serves on :8080 unless a
	// PORT environment variable was defined.
	router.Run()
	// router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
}

Parameters in path

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	// This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
	router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
		name := c.Param("name")
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
	})

	// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
	// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
	router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
		name := c.Param("name")
		action := c.Param("action")
		message := name + " is " + action
		c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
	})

	router.Run(":8080")
}

Querystring parameters

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	// Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
	// The request responds to a url matching:  /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
	router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
		firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
		lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")

		c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

Multipart/Urlencoded Form

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
		message := c.PostForm("message")
		nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")

		c.JSON(200, gin.H{
			"status":  "posted",
			"message": message,
			"nick":    nick,
		})
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

Another example: query + post form

POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

name=manu&message=this_is_great

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {

		id := c.Query("id")
		page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
		name := c.PostForm("name")
		message := c.PostForm("message")

		fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great

Map as querystring or postform parameters

POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {

		ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
		names := c.PostFormMap("names")

		fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

ids: map[b:hello a:1234], names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou]

Upload files

Single file

References issue #774 and detail example code.

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	// Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
	// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
	router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// single file
		file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
		log.Println(file.Filename)

		// Upload the file to specific dst.
		// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)

		c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

How to curl:

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
  -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"

Multiple files

See the detail example code.

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	// Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
	// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20  // 8 MiB
	router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// Multipart form
		form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
		files := form.File["upload[]"]

		for _, file := range files {
			log.Println(file.Filename)

			// Upload the file to specific dst.
			// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
		}
		c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

How to curl:

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
  -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
  -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"

Grouping routes

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	// Simple group: v1
	v1 := router.Group("/v1")
	{
		v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
		v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
		v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
	}

	// Simple group: v2
	v2 := router.Group("/v2")
	{
		v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
		v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
		v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
	}

	router.Run(":8080")
}

Blank Gin without middleware by default

Use

r := gin.New()

instead of

// Default With the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached
r := gin.Default()

Using middleware

func main() {
	// Creates a router without any middleware by default
	r := gin.New()

	// Global middleware
	// Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
	// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
	r.Use(gin.Logger())

	// Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
	r.Use(gin.Recovery())

	// Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
	r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)

	// Authorization group
	// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
	// exactly the same as:
	authorized := r.Group("/")
	// per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
	// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
	authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
	{
		authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
		authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
		authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)

		// nested group
		testing := authorized.Group("testing")
		testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
	}

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

How to write log file

func main() {
    // Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
    gin.DisableConsoleColor()

    // Logging to a file.
    f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
    gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)

    // Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
    // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)

    router := gin.Default()
    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "pong")
    })

    router.Run(":8080")
}

Model binding and validation

To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).

Gin uses go-playground/validator.v8 for validation. Check the full docs on tags usage here.

Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set json:"fieldname".

Also, Gin provides two sets of methods for binding:

• Type - Must bind
  • Methods - Bind, BindJSON, BindQuery
  • Behavior - These methods use MustBindWith under the hood. If there is a binding error, the request is aborted with c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind). This sets the response status code to 400 and the Content-Type header is set to text/plain; charset=utf-8. Note that if you try to set the response code after this, it will result in a warning [GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422. If you wish to have greater control over the behavior, consider using the ShouldBind equivalent method.
• Type - Should bind
  • Methods - ShouldBind, ShouldBindJSON, ShouldBindQuery
  • Behavior - These methods use ShouldBindWith under the hood. If there is a binding error, the error is returned and it is the developer's responsibility to handle the request and error appropriately.

When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use MustBindWith or ShouldBindWith.

You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with binding:"required" and has a empty value when binding, an error will be returned.

// Binding from JSON
type Login struct {
	User     string `form:"user" json:"user" binding:"required"`
	Password string `form:"password" json:"password" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
	router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		var json Login
		if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err == nil {
			if json.User == "manu" && json.Password == "123" {
				c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
			} else {
				c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
			}
		} else {
			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
		}
	})

	// Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
	router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
		var form Login
		// This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
		if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err == nil {
			if form.User == "manu" && form.Password == "123" {
				c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
			} else {
				c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
			}
		} else {
			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
		}
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	router.Run(":8080")
}

Sample request

$ curl -v -X POST \
  http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
  -H 'content-type: application/json' \
  -d '{ "user": "manu" }'
> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:8080
> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
> Accept: */*
> content-type: application/json
> Content-Length: 18
>
* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
< Content-Length: 100
<
{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}

Skip validate

When running the above example using the above the curl command, it returns error. Because the example use binding:"required" for Password. If use binding:"-" for Password, then it will not return error when running the above example again.

Custom Validators

It is also possible to register custom validators. See the example code.

package main

import (
	"net/http"
	"reflect"
	"time"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
	"gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8"
)

type Booking struct {
	CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
	CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
}

func bookableDate(
	v *validator.Validate, topStruct reflect.Value, currentStructOrField reflect.Value,
	field reflect.Value, fieldType reflect.Type, fieldKind reflect.Kind, param string,
) bool {
	if date, ok := field.Interface().(time.Time); ok {
		today := time.Now()
		if today.Year() > date.Year() || today.YearDay() > date.YearDay() {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func main() {
	route := gin.Default()

	if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
		v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
	}

	route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
	route.Run(":8085")
}

func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
	var b Booking
	if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
	} else {
		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
	}
}

$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-04-16&check_out=2018-04-17"
{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}

$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-03-08&check_out=2018-03-09"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}

Struct level validations can also be registed this way. See the struct-lvl-validation example to learn more.

Only Bind Query String

ShouldBindQuery function only binds the query params and not the post data. See the detail information.

package main

import (
	"log"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type Person struct {
	Name    string `form:"name"`
	Address string `form:"address"`
}

func main() {
	route := gin.Default()
	route.Any("/testing", startPage)
	route.Run(":8085")
}

func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
	var person Person
	if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
		log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
		log.Println(person.Name)
		log.Println(person.Address)
	}
	c.String(200, "Success")
}

Bind Query String or Post Data

See the detail information.

package main

import "log"
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
import "time"

type Person struct {
	Name     string    `form:"name"`
	Address  string    `form:"address"`
	Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
}

func main() {
	route := gin.Default()
	route.GET("/testing", startPage)
	route.Run(":8085")
}

func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
	var person Person
	// If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
	// If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
	// See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48
	if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
		log.Println(person.Name)
		log.Println(person.Address)
		log.Println(person.Birthday)
	}

	c.String(200, "Success")
}

Test it with:

$ curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15"

Bind HTML checkboxes

See the detail information

main.go

...

type myForm struct {
    Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
}

...

func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
    var fakeForm myForm
    c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
}

...

form.html

<form action="/" method="POST">
    <p>Check some colors</p>
    <label for="red">Red</label>
    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red" />
    <label for="green">Green</label>
    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green" />
    <label for="blue">Blue</label>
    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue" />
    <input type="submit" />
</form>

result:

{"color":["red","green","blue"]}

Multipart/Urlencoded binding

package main

import (
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

type LoginForm struct {
	User     string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
	Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
		// c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
		// or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
		var form LoginForm
		// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
		if c.ShouldBind(&form) == nil {
			if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" {
				c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
			} else {
				c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
			}
		}
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

Test it with:

$ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login

XML, JSON and YAML rendering

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
	r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
	})

	r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// You also can use a struct
		var msg struct {
			Name    string `json:"user"`
			Message string
			Number  int
		}
		msg.Name = "Lena"
		msg.Message = "hey"
		msg.Number = 123
		// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
		// Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
	})

	r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
	})

	r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

SecureJSON

Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends "while(1)," to response body if the given struct is array values.

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// You can also use your own secure json prefix
	// r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")

	r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}

		// Will output  :   while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
		c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

JSONP

Using JSONP to request data from a server in a different domain. Add callback to response body if the query parameter callback exists.

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	r.GET("/JSONP?callback=x", func(c *gin.Context) {
		data := map[string]interface{}{
			"foo": "bar",
		}
		
		//callback is x
		// Will output  :   x({\"foo\":\"bar\"})
		c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

AsciiJSON

Using AsciiJSON to Generates ASCII-only JSON with escaped non-ASCII chracters.

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		data := map[string]interface{}{
			"lang": "GO语言",
			"tag":  "<br>",
		}

		// will output : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
		c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

Serving static files

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
	router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
	router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	router.Run(":8080")
}

Serving data from reader

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
		response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
		if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
			c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
			return
		}

		reader := response.Body
		contentLength := response.ContentLength
		contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")

		extraHeaders := map[string]string{
			"Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
		}

		c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

HTML rendering

Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles()

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
	//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
	router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
			"title": "Main website",
		})
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

templates/index.tmpl

<html>
	<h1>
		{{ .title }}
	</h1>
</html>

Using templates with same name in different directories

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
	router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
			"title": "Posts",
		})
	})
	router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
			"title": "Users",
		})
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}

templates/posts/index.tmpl

{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
<html><h1>
	{{ .title }}
</h1>
<p>Using posts/index.tmpl</p>
</html>
{{ end }}

templates/users/index.tmpl

{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
<html><h1>
	{{ .title }}
</h1>
<p>Using users/index.tmpl</p>
</html>
{{ end }}

Custom Template renderer

You can also use your own html template render

import "html/template"

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
	router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
	router.Run(":8080")
}

Custom Delimiters

You may use custom delims

	r := gin.Default()
	r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
	r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates"))

Custom Template Funcs

See the detail example code.

main.go

import (
    "fmt"
    "html/template"
    "net/http"
    "time"

    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
    year, month, day := t.Date()
    return fmt.Sprintf("%d%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
}

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
    router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
        "formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
    })
    router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")

    router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", map[string]interface{}{
            "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
        })
    })

    router.Run(":8080")
}

raw.tmpl

Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}

Result:

Date: 2017/07/01

Multitemplate

Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check a multitemplate render for using features like go 1.6 block template.

Redirects

Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy. Both internal and external locations are supported.

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
	c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
})

Issuing a Router redirect, use HandleContext like below.

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
    r.HandleContext(c)
})
r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
})

Custom Middleware

func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
	return func(c *gin.Context) {
		t := time.Now()

		// Set example variable
		c.Set("example", "12345")

		// before request

		c.Next()

		// after request
		latency := time.Since(t)
		log.Print(latency)

		// access the status we are sending
		status := c.Writer.Status()
		log.Println(status)
	}
}

func main() {
	r := gin.New()
	r.Use(Logger())

	r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
		example := c.MustGet("example").(string)

		// it would print: "12345"
		log.Println(example)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

Using BasicAuth() middleware

// simulate some private data
var secrets = gin.H{
	"foo":    gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
	"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
	"lena":   gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
}

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
	// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
	authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
		"foo":    "bar",
		"austin": "1234",
		"lena":   "hello2",
		"manu":   "4321",
	}))

	// /admin/secrets endpoint
	// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
	authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
		user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
		if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
		} else {
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
		}
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

Goroutines inside a middleware

When starting new Goroutines inside a middleware or handler, you SHOULD NOT use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// create copy to be used inside the goroutine
		cCp := c.Copy()
		go func() {
			// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
			time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

			// note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
			log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
		}()
	})

	r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

		// since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
		log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}

Custom HTTP configuration

Use http.ListenAndServe() directly, like this:

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}

or

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	s := &http.Server{
		Addr:           ":8080",
		Handler:        router,
		ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
		MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
	}
	s.ListenAndServe()
}

Support Let's Encrypt

example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers.

package main

import (
	"log"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// Ping handler
	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(200, "pong")
	})

	log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
}

example for custom autocert manager.

package main

import (
	"log"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
)

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// Ping handler
	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(200, "pong")
	})

	m := autocert.Manager{
		Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
		HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
		Cache:      autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
	}

	log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
}

Run multiple service using Gin

See the question and try the following example:

package main

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"time"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
)

var (
	g errgroup.Group
)

func router01() http.Handler {
	e := gin.New()
	e.Use(gin.Recovery())
	e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(
			http.StatusOK,
			gin.H{
				"code":  http.StatusOK,
				"error": "Welcome server 01",
			},
		)
	})

	return e
}

func router02() http.Handler {
	e := gin.New()
	e.Use(gin.Recovery())
	e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(
			http.StatusOK,
			gin.H{
				"code":  http.StatusOK,
				"error": "Welcome server 02",
			},
		)
	})

	return e
}

func main() {
	server01 := &http.Server{
		Addr:         ":8080",
		Handler:      router01(),
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
	}

	server02 := &http.Server{
		Addr:         ":8081",
		Handler:      router02(),
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
	}

	g.Go(func() error {
		return server01.ListenAndServe()
	})

	g.Go(func() error {
		return server02.ListenAndServe()
	})

	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

Graceful restart or stop

Do you want to graceful restart or stop your web server? There are some ways this can be done.

We can use fvbock/endless to replace the default ListenAndServe. Refer issue #296 for more details.

router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", handler)
// [...]
endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)

An alternative to endless:

• manners: A polite Go HTTP server that shuts down gracefully.
• graceful: Graceful is a Go package enabling graceful shutdown of an http.Handler server.
• grace: Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers.

If you are using Go 1.8, you may not need to use this library! Consider using http.Server's built-in Shutdown() method for graceful shutdowns. See the full graceful-shutdown example with gin.

// +build go1.8

package main

import (
	"context"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"time"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
	})

	srv := &http.Server{
		Addr:    ":8080",
		Handler: router,
	}

	go func() {
		// service connections
		if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
			log.Fatalf("listen: %s\n", err)
		}
	}()

	// Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
	// a timeout of 5 seconds.
	quit := make(chan os.Signal)
	signal.Notify(quit, os.Interrupt)
	<-quit
	log.Println("Shutdown Server ...")

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Server Shutdown:", err)
	}
	log.Println("Server exiting")
}

Build a single binary with templates

You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using go-assets.

func main() {
	r := gin.New()

	t, err := loadTemplate()
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	r.SetHTMLTemplate(t)

	r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "/html/index.tmpl",nil)
	})
	r.Run(":8080")
}

// loadTemplate loads templates embedded by go-assets-builder
func loadTemplate() (*template.Template, error) {
	t := template.New("")
	for name, file := range Assets.Files {
		if file.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tmpl") {
			continue
		}
		h, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		t, err = t.New(name).Parse(string(h))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return t, nil
}

See a complete example in the examples/assets-in-binary directory.

Bind form-data request with custom struct

The follow example using custom struct:

type StructA struct {
    FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
}

type StructB struct {
    NestedStruct StructA
    FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
}

type StructC struct {
    NestedStructPointer *StructA
    FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
}

type StructD struct {
    NestedAnonyStruct struct {
        FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
    }
    FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
}

func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
    var b StructB
    c.Bind(&b)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
        "a": b.NestedStruct,
        "b": b.FieldB,
    })
}

func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
    var b StructC
    c.Bind(&b)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
        "a": b.NestedStructPointer,
        "c": b.FieldC,
    })
}

func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
    var b StructD
    c.Bind(&b)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
        "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
        "d": b.FieldD,
    })
}

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
    r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
    r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)

    r.Run()
}

Using the command curl command result:

$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}

NOTE: NOT support the follow style struct:

type StructX struct {
    X struct {} `form:"name_x"` // HERE have form
}

type StructY struct {
    Y StructX `form:"name_y"` // HERE hava form
}

type StructZ struct {
    Z *StructZ `form:"name_z"` // HERE hava form
}

In a word, only support nested custom struct which have no form now.

Try to bind body into different structs

The normal methods for binding request body consumes c.Request.Body and they cannot be called multiple times.

type formA struct {
  Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
}

type formB struct {
  Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
}

func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
  objA := formA{}
  objB := formB{}
  // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
  if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
  // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
  } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
  } else {
    ...
  }
}

For this, you can use c.ShouldBindBodyWith.

func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
  objA := formA{}
  objB := formB{}
  // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
  if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.JSON); errA == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
  // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
  } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
  // And it can accepts other formats
  } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
    c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
  } else {
    ...
  }
}

• c.ShouldBindBodyWith stores body into the context before binding. This has a slight impact to performance, so you should not use this method if you are enough to call binding at once.
• This feature is only needed for some formats -- JSON, XML, MsgPack, ProtoBuf. For other formats, Query, Form, FormPost, FormMultipart, can be called by c.ShouldBind() multiple times without any damage to performance (See #1341).

http2 server push

http.Pusher is supported only go1.8+. See the golang blog for detail information.

package main

import (
	"html/template"
	"log"

	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
<html>
<head>
  <title>Https Test</title>
  <script src="/assets/app.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <h1 style="color:red;">Welcome, Ginner!</h1>
</body>
</html>
`))

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
	r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)

	r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
			// use pusher.Push() to do server push
			if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
				log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
			}
		}
		c.HTML(200, "https", gin.H{
			"status": "success",
		})
	})

	// Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
	r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
}

Testing

The net/http/httptest package is preferable way for HTTP testing.

package main

func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(200, "pong")
	})
	return r
}

func main() {
	r := setupRouter()
	r.Run(":8080")
}

Test for code example above:

package main

import (
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"testing"

	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
	router := setupRouter()

	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/ping", nil)
	router.ServeHTTP(w, req)

	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
}

Users

Awesome project lists using Gin web framework.

• drone: Drone is a Continuous Delivery platform built on Docker, written in Go
• gorush: A push notification server written in Go.